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Or as Frey himself might put it, A Million Little Pieces is a compendium of “bullshit fantasies” about a life few of its readers have experienced, one redolent with crack binges, alcohol-fueled rages, violent outbursts, self-mutilation, multiple arrests, and several deaths. He looks at himself in the glass and asks the bartender to pour it away because he doesn’t like how he looks when drinking alcohol.But as just about everyone in America knows by now, courtesy of a careful investigation of his supposed grim exploits conducted by the Smoking Gun, Frey’s book turns out to be just that, fiction. When they arrive at the bar, James takes forty dollars from his brother and orders a pint of whiskey. James is upset, but he convinces Bob by saying that he really wants it. James asks his brother Bob to take him to a bar. A few days before he goes, he tells a priest that one year earlier, he beat up a French priest who had sexually propositioned him. Later on, when Leonard is due to check out of the clinic, he pays for Lilly’s second round of treatment and tells him that he sees him as a son. James suspects that Leonard had something to do with it since there was no logical explanation for why he got such a lenient sentence. However, he is sentenced to only three years in jail instead of fifteen for good behavior. He faces criminal charges as a result of his involvement in the robbery that killed Lilly’s parents. In the end, James finally accepts his past and Leonard’s help. However, she chooses not to take it because she wants a new course of treatment at the clinic instead of more drugs. Lilly has been selling sex in order to buy crack cocaine. Two of the clinic’s staff, Hank and Lincoln, follow James, offering to help him. She leaves the clinic and James follows her. Lilly learns that her grandmother is terminally ill and doesn’t have long to live. He leaves on friendly terms with his father who has a business engagement elsewhere His parents and counselor suggest these facts might offer some explanation for James’s addiction but he continues to insist that it is entirely personal responsibility. They also learned for the first time that his grandfather was an alcoholic. During their counseling sessions, they learn that when he was a child, he had an ear infection and that his parents left it untreated even though it caused him great distress. Lilly tells James that she was sold into prostitution as a child.ĭespite James’ objections to joining the family program, his parents come anyway. Lilly passes a note to James asking him to meet her outside they start an affair that breaks the rules of their clinic. As Leonard is telling the story, he starts to cry, which surprises James because of the respect he has for him. Leonard tells James about his traumatic childhood and how he started using drugs. However, James refused because he wanted to take responsibility for his own recovery, but this only made things worse as he couldn’t complete any tasks or continue with the Twelve Step program. After that, James’s parents called him and asked if they could join him at the clinic for family counseling sessions. His brother Leonard followed him to persuade James to come back. He left the clinic because he didn’t like it there. James was still struggling with his addiction, and he had a lot of anger. These two people help James as he tries to overcome his addiction. He also gets to know Leonard, who is the boss of a mafia group. James goes to a drugstore and meets Lilly, who helps him get through his withdrawal. They take him to rehab the next day because they’re horrified by how he looks after breaking his nose and several teeth while flying in the plane. When he lands, his parents are there to greet him. The book tells the story of James’s journey to recovery from addiction and how he dealt with other people in rehab. It was marketed as a memoir, but it turned out that the author invented many of his story’s details. 1-Page Summary of A Million Little Pieces Overall SummaryĪ Million Little Pieces is a 2003 book by American writer James Frey. Sticky Vocal Chop LoopsĪnother great sounding free vocal chop sample pack. You can use the content of this free sample pack in your music production royalty free. Midi files are also available for the bass, leads, chord and melodies. Also all the drum loops, bass, lead, chords, melodies in wav format. Inside you can find one trance vocal lead in dry and wet, plus the chop vocal loop. Trance Vocal Sample Pack FreebieĪ great free vocal sample pack by Audiovat. Listen to the audio demo and be inspired! Definitely one of our favorite vocal chops sample packs out there. 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Enabled by the expanded capabilities of the Nd:YAG and Er:YAG wavelengths, the Dynamis Pro provides up to four dimensions of treatment. Next, I take up the issue of finding a middle or natural ground between realism and antirealism. The first part of my paper offers a certain classification and critical exposition of realisms in philosophy of science. THE CONTROVERSY OVER RES IN PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND THE MYSTERIES OF ONTOLOGICAL NEUTRALITYĬlarification of the terms 'realism' and 'antirealism' has always been a challenging task for philosophers of science, epistemologists, and metaphysicians. I develop a new theory of content, which does not hav. I claim that although this theory involves an important insight, it is an unsatisfactory attempt at reduction of the notion of reference. In this thesis, after a brief introduction to these trials is given, Fodors theory of content in terms of asymmetric dependence is examined in some depth. Naturalistic philosophers of meaning try to define the recalcitrant concept of reference in terms respected by the empirical science, such as causality or teleology. In such a coherent.Īytekin, Tevfik Sayan, Erdinç Department of Philosophy (2003) In this thesis I argue that scientific theories are accepted or rejected on the bases of an evaluation of their degree of coherence. Nevertheless, empirical adequacy remained as having a privileged value among these virtues. That theories should possess other virtues in order to be accepted by the scientific community is well understood. Philosophers of science have long realized that it is not possible to decide which scientific theory is true just by relying on their empirical adequacy. Kamözüt, Mehmet Cem Sayan, Erdinç Department of Philosophy (2008) This study attempts to reformulate the deflationary thesis by (1) proposing a simple but illuminative typology of deflationisms, (2) detecting the correc.Ī coherentist approach to the justification of scientific theories Deflationism comes in several main varieties, each focusing on a particular aspect/appearance of this negative fact, hence formulating the deflationary thesis under the guidance of that aspect/appearance. By means of various test cases (in terms of rival theories) from history of chemistry, psychology, environmental science, legal reasoning, physiology, geology, astronomy, I put forward results to think that coherence as a heuristic function for truth in the long run, instead of being a theory of truth, is better suited for establishing a connection between coherence and truth, that is, coherence as a heuristic for truth functions as a device for discovering truth, i.e., securing convergence to truth rather than seeking the absolute truth in the presence of the underconsideration problem.ĭeflationism about truth and the general form of sentenceīesler, Arman Grünberg, David Department of Philosophy (2015)ĭeflationism about truth is roughly the negative thesis that truth is not a substantial notion, and does not call for a reductive philosophical analysis. With this way of formalising coherence of belief systems, it also became possible to deal with the problem of isolation objection via the ability to incorporate the cognitively spontaneous beliefs into the framework. In this sense, is it necessary to accept a coherence theory of truth in order to establish that coherence is truth-conducive? Or can this conduciveness be established in another way? To answer these questions, I first attempted to solve the major problem of coherence, namely vagueness, by transforming Bonjour’s criterion-based notion of coherence into a computational account of coherence by devising graph-theoretic framework along with quantitative coherence measures. Coherence as a theory of truth claims that truth can be defined as coherence, i.e., a belief is true if and only if it coheres with other beliefs, no matter these beliefs are isolated from the mind-independent external world. This parameter corresponds to 'c' in Rychlik, Spencer and Rhoads' equation (ii) (Nucleic Acids Research, vol 18, num 21) where a suitable value (for a lower initial concentration of template) is "empirically determined". The default (50nM) works well with the standard protocol used at the Whitehead/MIT Center for Genome Research-0.5 microliters of 20 micromolar concentration for each primer oligo in a 20 microliter reaction with 10 nanograms template, 0.025 units/microliter Taq polymerase in 0.1 mM each dNTP, 1.5mM MgCl2, 50mM KCl, 10mM Tris-HCL (pH 9.3) using 35 cycles with an annealing temperature of 56 degrees Celsius. Primer3 uses this argument to calculate oligo melting temperatures. Note that this is not the concentration of oligos in the reaction mix but of those annealing to template. The nanomolar concentration of annealing oligos in the PCR. You may need to choose more sensitive blast parameters (under advance parameters) if you want to detect targets with a higher number of mismatches than default. You can also lower the E value (see advanced parameters) in such case to speed up the search as the high default E value is not necessary for detecting targets with few mismatches to primers.Īdditionally this program has limit detecting targets that are too different from the will detect targets that have up to 35% mismatches to the primer sequences (i.e., a total of 7 mismatches for a 20-mer). For examaple, if you are only interested in targets that perfectly match the primers, you can set the value to 1. If the total number of mismatches between target and at least one primer (for a given primer pair) is equal to or more than the specified number (regardless of the mismatch locations), then any such targets will be ignored for primer specificity check. This is another parameter that can be used to adjust primer specificity stringecy. Try to lower the mismatch value in such case. However, specifying a larger mismatch value may make it more difficult to find such specific primers. The larger the mismatches (especially those toward 3' end) are between primers and the unintended targets, the more specific the primer pair is to your template (i.e., it will be more difficult to anneal to unintended targets). This requires at least one primer (for a given primer pair) to have the specified number of mismatches to unintended targets. You can use your own sequences (accession number, gi, or FASTA sequence) as a search database. This database is recommended if you are not considering variations represented by alternate loci. Mitochondrion and plastid genomes are also included where applicable.Īlthough sequences in this database are completely covered by the Refseq representative genomes database, it does not contain the alternate loci and thus avoids sequence redundancy introduced by including alternate loci. These are Refseq representative genomes from primary chromosome assemblies (i.e., no alternate loci) for many eukaryotic organisms. Genomes for selected eukaryotic organisms (primary assemblies only): This contains all RNA entries from NCBI's Reference Sequence collection Mitochondrion genomes are included where applicable. For other species, genomes from diverse isolates of the same species may be included. For the eukaryotes, only one genome is included per species (However, alternate loci of eukaryotic genomes are included where applicable). This database contains minimum redundancy in genome representation. These genomes are among the best quality genomes available at NCBI. This database contains NCBI RefSeq Reference and Representative genomes across broad taxonomy groups including eukaryotes, bacteria, archaea, viruses and viroids. This gives 3n - 10.This contains mRNA only from NCBI's Reference Sequence collection Or like this case, will itself follow a linear sequence with constant difference, which we should know how to solve. (6) The difference here will either be a constant number, in which case the n th term is (1/2a)n 2 +d. (5) We need to find the difference between the sequence and 2n 2. (4) Now we can rewrite the sequence as follows If the change in the difference is (a) then the n th term follows a ( 1/2a)n 2pattern. (3) Furthermore, because the difference is +4, we are dealing with a 2n 2 sequence. The fact that we needed to take 2 turns to find the constant difference means we are dealing with a quadratic sequence. This gives a constant change in the difference of an extra +4 each term. We can see the difference is not constant, (2) so we looked at the change in the difference each term. (1) The first step is always to look at difference between the terms By 2017, a report by the Center for the Study of the Drone at Bard College identified roughly 35 types one-way attack drones of various sizes and capabilities that were in use or development in eight countries at the time. In the early 2000s, the emergence of the AeroVironment Switchblade provided special forces units with a portable loitering munition, while the spread of Iranian drones enabled a host of non-state actors to conduct long-range precision strikes. Over the next few decades, the role of one-way attack drones on the battlefield gradually expanded beyond the anti-radar mission of the first loitering munitions. However, the programs likely contributed to the development of the first commercially successful loitering munition, the radar-hunting Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) Harpy, in the late 1980s. It’s a one-way mission.”Įventually, the AXILLARY project, and the series of programs that succeeded it, failed to produce an operational system, a consequence of both budget cuts and a shift towards a more complex working concept and aircraft design. We don’t want the manpower, the logistics, to bring it back. “We want to let it go, find a radar and hit it and never come back. Hodnette, Jr., then Air Force director of reconnaissance and electronic warfare, said in testimony regarding funding for harassment drones before Congress in March 1975. “We don’t want a man in the loop,” Brigadier General Lovic P. Unlike other drones under development at the time, the AXILLARY drones were not meant to be piloted remotely by an operator on the ground, a move aimed at reducing the cost and complexity of the aircraft. These drones would loiter above an area until an adversary radar site began searching for aircraft, at which point the drones would dive into the radar site and explode. The AXILLARY project sought to field fleets of low-cost, explosives-carrying drones. Known as AXILLARY, the DARPA initiative had its roots in a Pentagon-backed project at the CIA, as well as in efforts underway at an Air Force research laboratory. In early 1973, the Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) began working on developing cheap, small drones to attack enemy air defenses. Inspired by the affordability and usability of remote-controlled model aircraft, the Department of Defense launched a series of projects aimed at producing low-cost drones for the military services. Meanwhile, attempts by the Army and Marine Corps in the 1960s to develop smaller, remote-controlled drones for surveillance and target spotting were plagued by technical difficulties. Despite having successfully used drones to conduct reconnaissance missions in the Vietnam War, the Air Force’s jet-powered drones were costly and resource-intensive to operate. Fifty years ago, the US military’s drones were in a bit of a rut. The origins of one-way attack drones can be traced to the early 1970s. Others are designed to attack stationary targets using pre-programmed directions. Most one-way attack drones, those known as loitering munitions, can orbit above the battlefield for extended periods until a target is acquired by an operator on the ground or by automated sensors onboard the aircraft. One-way attack drones are a type of expendable drone, one that is typically designed with an integrated warhead and meant to detonate upon target impact. The diversification of the marketplace for one-way attack drones and the further integration of these drones into the organization and operations of armed forces suggests a growing function for these weapons in future armed conflicts. The development of one-way attack drones was an integral part of the transition of uncrewed aircraft from the era of high-speed target drones to that of remotely piloted vehicles, one that resulted in a burgeoning marketplace for armed and unarmed drones. These factors have contributed to a dynamic market for one-way attack drones, one that has grown exponentially in recent years.Įvolved from a weapon designed for a narrow mission, one-way attack drones currently play a significantly broader role on the battlefield. Elsewhere, the militaries of countries ranging from Argentina to Estonia have introduced or accelerated efforts to acquire expendable armed drones. Nowhere is this more evident than in the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, where Russia’s war of aggression has underscored the many types and uses of these weapons, including the targeting of civilian homes and infrastructure with drones of Iranian origin. One-way attack drones are an increasingly critical element of contemporary armed conflicts. With a Diode Battery Combiner two or more DC power sources can be used in parallel to supply the mission critical load. Voltage drop is less than 0,02 Volt at low current and averages. 50.15 Buy It Now or Best Offer free,30-Day Returns. Diode battery isolators allow simultaneous charging of two or more batteries from one. Victron Energy Argo Diode Battery Isolators 80-2AC (2 Batteries 80 amp). Please contact your dealer for any returns, repairs or support issues related to this product. Argo Diode Battery Combiner - 80AMP - 2 Batteries Diode Battery Combiners are used to guarantee continuous DC power to mission critical equipment, such as an electronic engine control system. In contrast with Argodiode battery isolators, Argofet isolators have virtually no voltage loss. Victron Argo Diode Battery Isolator - 160AMP - 2 Batteries. 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The Argo battery isolators feature a low voltage drop thanks to the use of Schottky diodes: at low current the voltage drop is approximately 0,3 V and at the rated output approximately 0,45 V. The Argo Battery Isolators feature a low voltage drop thanks to the use of Schottky diodes: at low current the voltage drop is approximately 0,3 V and at the rated output approximately 0,45 V. Discharging the accessory battery for example will not result in also discharging the starter battery. Discharging the accessory battery for example will not result in also discharging the starter battery. Victron Argo Diode 180-3AC 3 batteries 180A ARG180301020 Diode Battery Isolators allow simultaneous charging of two or more batteries from one alternator, without connecting the batteries together. Argo Diode Battery Isolator - 160AMP - 2 Batteriesĭiode battery isolators allow simultaneous charging of two or more batteries from one alternator, without connecting the batteries together. When these rhythms present on a cardiac monitor they represent the respective rhythm and should be managed as such. Rhythms which are pulseless, such as ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, and asystole, are not associated with PEA.Examples include sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation, bundle branch blocks, or idioventricular rhythms (a rhythm where you would expect and pulse and there is none). Pulseless electrical activity can present as any organized or partially organized rhythm on an electrocardiogram (ECG). What Are ECG Characteristics of Pulseless Electrical Activity? Asystole is considered a separate rhythm than pulseless electrical activity. Rhythms such as ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia are not associated with pulseless electrical activity (despite being pulseless) as they tend to respond to defibrillation. During PEA, the heart is unable to move adequate blood volume to maintain systemic perfusion. Pulseless electrical activity is formerly known as electromechanical dissociation (EMD). Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is defined as the presence of cardiac electrical activity with organized or partially organized cardiac rhythms without a palpable pulse. Jones is the CEO of Help-A-Heart CPR, LLC and an American Heart Association, ASHI, and American Red Cross Master Program Trainer, Instructor, & AHA Faculty Member located in San Antonio, Texas.How to Identify and Treat Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) Introduction: What is Pulseless Electrical Activity? Most patients with this rhythm are unconscious and pulseless and the use of the AED is necessary to “reset” the heart so that the primary pacemaker or the Sinoatrial Node can take over. With shockable heart rhythms, if the patient is being monitored, the rhythm can often be identified before significant deterioration.ĭr. Pulseless v entricular tachycardia is a rhythm that is perfusing poorly with patients may or may not be displaying a pulse. Ventricular fibrillation may be fine or coarse coarse ventricular fibrillation is more likely to convert after defibrillation than fine v-fib. On the monitor, v-fib will look like a irregular and disorganized wavy line. In v-fib the heart begins to quivers with no blood being pumped out of the heart. Ventricular fibrillation (v-fib) is a common cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is the absence of a palpable pulse or other signs of circulation despite the presence on the ECG monitor of an observable QRS complex which normally produce a pulse. The ECG appearance of ventricular asystole looks almost like a straight line with the occasional P-wave. The ECG will distinguish asystole from ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia and pulseless electrical activity. The two nonshockable rhythms are p ulseless electrical activity (PEA) and asystole and the two shockable rhythms are pulseless ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrilation. The four rhythms are divided into two groups: two that do not require defibrillation (called “nonshockable”) and two that do require defibrillation (“shockable”). Many of our students ask the question "What is the difference between a shockable and non-shockable heart rhythm?" A shockable versus nonshockable initial rhythm can be determined by a shock as opposed to a no-shock message from an automated external defibrillator (AED) or by a review of the electronic recording. More research is needed to understand this relationship better. EnvironmentĪn association between childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms has been reported in some studies. Understanding the causes will help determine specific, personalized treatments to treat OCD. There appears to be a connection between the OCD symptoms and abnormalities in certain areas of the brain, but that connection is not clear. Imaging studies have shown differences in the frontal cortex and subcortical structures of the brain in patients with OCD. Ongoing research continues to explore the connection between genetics and OCD and may help improve OCD diagnosis and treatment. The risk is higher if the first-degree relative developed OCD as a child or teen. Twin and family studies have shown that people with first-degree relatives (such as a parent, sibling, or child) who have OCD are at a higher risk for developing OCD themselves. The causes of OCD are unknown, but risk factors include: Genetics For statistics on OCD in adults, please see the NIMH Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder webpage. Most people are diagnosed by about age 19, typically with an earlier age of onset in boys than in girls, but onset after age 35 does happen. OCD is a common disorder that affects adults, adolescents, and children all over the world. If left untreated, OCD can interfere in all aspects of life. If you think you have OCD, talk to your health care provider about your symptoms. Parents or teachers typically recognize OCD symptoms in children. Although most adults with OCD recognize that what they are doing doesn’t make sense, some adults and most children may not realize that their behavior is out of the ordinary. People with OCD may try to help themselves by avoiding situations that trigger their obsessions, or they may use alcohol or drugs to calm themselves. Symptoms may come and go, ease over time, or worsen. Common vocal tics include repetitive throat-clearing, sniffing, or grunting sounds. Motor tics are sudden, brief, repetitive movements, such as eye blinking and other eye movements, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head or shoulder jerking. Some individuals with OCD also have a tic disorder.
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